castigar
to punish, to castigate, to ground
El profesor castigó a los alumnos.
The teacher punished the students.
castigar present indicative
Habitual and ongoing actions in the present.
castigar present continuous
Action in progress right now. Periphrastic: estar (present) + gerund.
castigar preterite
Completed actions at a specific moment in the past.
castigar imperfect
Habitual past actions, descriptions, background.
castigar present perfect
Completed actions with present relevance. Auxiliary haber + participle.
castigar future
Actions yet to happen.
castigar informal future
Near-future plans. Periphrastic: ir (present) + a + infinitive.
castigar future perfect
Action that will have been completed by a future moment. Auxiliary haber (future) + participle.
castigar conditional
Hypothetical or polite would-actions.
castigar conditional perfect
Hypothetical past: would have done. Auxiliary haber (conditional) + participle.
castigar pluperfect
An action completed before another past action.
castigar subjunctive present
Desires, doubts, and hypotheticals in the present.
castigar subjunctive imperfect
Past subjunctive: desires, doubts, hypotheticals in the past.
castigar subjunctive present perfect
Completed actions in subjunctive contexts.
castigar subjunctive pluperfect
Past-perfect actions in subjunctive contexts.
castigar imperative (affirmative)
Affirmative commands.
castigar imperative (negative)
Negative commands: borrows subjunctive present.