Tenses

Habitual and ongoing actions in the present.

Completed actions at a specific moment in the past.

Habitual past actions, descriptions, background.

Actions yet to happen.

Hypothetical or polite would-actions.

Completed actions with present relevance. Auxiliary haber + participle.

An action completed before another past action.

Action that will have been completed by a future moment. Auxiliary haber (future) + participle.

Hypothetical past: would have done. Auxiliary haber (conditional) + participle.

Action in progress right now. Periphrastic: estar (present) + gerund.

Near-future plans. Periphrastic: ir (present) + a + infinitive.

Desires, doubts, and hypotheticals in the present.

Past subjunctive: desires, doubts, hypotheticals in the past.

Completed actions in subjunctive contexts.

Past-perfect actions in subjunctive contexts.

Affirmative commands.

Negative commands: borrows subjunctive present.

Base form.

-ando / -iendo form.

-ado / -ido form used with haber.