penar
to punish, to suffer
penar present indicative
Habitual and ongoing actions in the present.
penar present continuous
Action in progress right now. Periphrastic: estar (present) + gerund.
penar preterite
Completed actions at a specific moment in the past.
penar imperfect
Habitual past actions, descriptions, background.
penar present perfect
Completed actions with present relevance. Auxiliary haber + participle.
penar future
Actions yet to happen.
penar informal future
Near-future plans. Periphrastic: ir (present) + a + infinitive.
penar future perfect
Action that will have been completed by a future moment. Auxiliary haber (future) + participle.
penar conditional
Hypothetical or polite would-actions.
penar conditional perfect
Hypothetical past: would have done. Auxiliary haber (conditional) + participle.
penar pluperfect
An action completed before another past action.
penar subjunctive present
Desires, doubts, and hypotheticals in the present.
penar subjunctive imperfect
Past subjunctive: desires, doubts, hypotheticals in the past.
penar subjunctive present perfect
Completed actions in subjunctive contexts.
penar subjunctive pluperfect
Past-perfect actions in subjunctive contexts.
penar imperative (affirmative)
Affirmative commands.
penar imperative (negative)
Negative commands: borrows subjunctive present.