sostener
to hold, to hold up, to prop up
Sostén la escalera mientras subo.
Hold the ladder while I climb.
sostener present indicative
Habitual and ongoing actions in the present.
sostener present continuous
Action in progress right now. Periphrastic: estar (present) + gerund.
sostener preterite
Completed actions at a specific moment in the past.
sostener imperfect
Habitual past actions, descriptions, background.
sostener present perfect
Completed actions with present relevance. Auxiliary haber + participle.
sostener future
Actions yet to happen.
sostener informal future
Near-future plans. Periphrastic: ir (present) + a + infinitive.
sostener future perfect
Action that will have been completed by a future moment. Auxiliary haber (future) + participle.
sostener conditional
Hypothetical or polite would-actions.
sostener conditional perfect
Hypothetical past: would have done. Auxiliary haber (conditional) + participle.
sostener pluperfect
An action completed before another past action.
sostener subjunctive present
Desires, doubts, and hypotheticals in the present.
sostener subjunctive imperfect
Past subjunctive: desires, doubts, hypotheticals in the past.
sostener subjunctive present perfect
Completed actions in subjunctive contexts.
sostener subjunctive pluperfect
Past-perfect actions in subjunctive contexts.
sostener imperative (affirmative)
Affirmative commands.
sostener imperative (negative)
Negative commands: borrows subjunctive present.