estar
to be (state)
Estoy muy cansado hoy.
I'm very tired today.
estar present indicative
Habitual and ongoing actions in the present.
estar present continuous
Action in progress right now. Periphrastic: estar (present) + gerund.
estar preterite
Completed actions at a specific moment in the past.
estar imperfect
Habitual past actions, descriptions, background.
estar present perfect
Completed actions with present relevance. Auxiliary haber + participle.
estar future
Actions yet to happen.
estar informal future
Near-future plans. Periphrastic: ir (present) + a + infinitive.
estar future perfect
Action that will have been completed by a future moment. Auxiliary haber (future) + participle.
estar conditional
Hypothetical or polite would-actions.
estar conditional perfect
Hypothetical past: would have done. Auxiliary haber (conditional) + participle.
estar pluperfect
An action completed before another past action.
estar subjunctive present
Desires, doubts, and hypotheticals in the present.
estar subjunctive imperfect
Past subjunctive: desires, doubts, hypotheticals in the past.
estar subjunctive present perfect
Completed actions in subjunctive contexts.
estar subjunctive pluperfect
Past-perfect actions in subjunctive contexts.
estar imperative (affirmative)
Affirmative commands.
estar imperative (negative)
Negative commands: borrows subjunctive present.